book paper (UNSPSC 14111513)

All records — every source, converted

Every record for this item, from all sources together, converted to US dollars. The minimum, median and maximum below are calculated across all sources and are descriptive of these records. They are not the benchmark — the benchmark is computed per currency and shown below. Why both exist.

Benchmark — per currency

Source records

36 records — every price links back to its source contracting process.

An OCID (Open Contracting ID) is the permanent identifier the publisher gives to one contracting process — a single tender, from notice through to award. It is how a figure on this site is traced back to the public record behind it. Rows sharing an OCID come from the same tender, not from separate purchases. More on what an OCID identifies →

Published — the publisher gave a unit price. Derived — we divided the line total by the quantity; how prices are derived. Not averaged — the record is shown but kept out of the benchmark, because the amount is a line total rather than a unit price, or the unit names a category rather than a measure; what is counted. Units are the publisher’s own and are not normalised.